Specific Aspects of Political and Electoral Rights in the Context of the Latin American Neoconstitutionalism

Latin American neoconstitutionalism, among other characteristics, is distinguished in the political sphere by such features as the establishment of mechanisms for active civic participation, the expansion of civil oversight over government, the protection of fundamental and human rights, as well as the universalization of electoral rights and the inclusion of previously marginalized groups in political life. These transformations generally align with the global trend toward the democratization and liberalization of political systems. At the same time, this process in Latin America exhibits a number of distinctive features — both in terms of nomenclature and the radical nature of reforms — which can be attributed to the region’s specific characteristics, such as ethnic pluralism, the particular trajectory of political development, and more. This paper, using a comparative approach, examines the transformation of political — and specifically electoral — rights in Latin American countries within the framework of the neoconstitutionalism phenomenon, with particular attention to Mexico, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Venezuela, and others.