Current status of actinometric observations on the meteorological network of Roshydromet

Actinometric observations carried out on the meteorological network are aimed at studying the radiation regime, which largely determines the climate of the territories of the Russian Federation.
Network surface actinometric observations include determining a set of interrelated characteristics of solar radiation and thermal radiation of natural terrestrial objects reaching the earth's surface, as well as a number of atmospheric parameters.
"Main Geophysical Observatory named after A.I.Voeikov" is the scientific and methodological center of Roshydromet for organizing actinometric observations.
The main observation programs on the actinometric network are:

- urgent actinometric observations (discrete observations at 6 actinometric times according to mean solar time);
- registration of the radiation balance and its components - continuous observations to determine hourly, daily and monthly amounts of radiation balance components or individual types of shortwave radiation.

Also, daily amounts of total radiation are determined by integration.
Currently, a significant part of Roshydromet stations are equipped with modern actinometric equipment:
– automated actinometric complexes for continuous observations of all components of the radiation balance;
– modernized sets of equipment for urgent observations;
– sets of equipment for recording total radiation (including as part of automated meteorological complexes).
The replacement of actinometric equipment in the Roshydromet observation network was carried out within the framework of several programs: the Federal Target Program "Geophysics", the projects "Roshydromet-1", "Roshydromet-2", "Modernization and Development of the Hydrometeorological Network for Observing the State of the Environment in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation for 2021-2024", the program for the socio-economic development of the Donetsk People's Republic, the Lugansk People's Republic, the Zaporizhzhya and Kherson regions, as well as at the expense of regional hydrometeorological centers (UGMS).
In total, 174 sets of new actinometric equipment were installed on the actinometric network during the period 2010–2023, which made it possible to re-equip 155 stations performing actinometric observations, and at 43 of them, observations were resumed after long interruptions. The introduction of automated complexes on the network that provide continuous receipt of information on the radiation balance and its components required the revision of the system for collecting, processing, monitoring and archiving actinometric information. New software (SW) for processing actinometric measurement data ARM "SONE-8" was developed to replace that previously used on the network. The new software includes changes related to the file structure of the initial data, which are generated in the form of minute measurements by a controller directly interfaced with actinometric sensors or software. In addition to standard types of measurements, ARM "SONE-8" allows for the processing and monitoring of long-wave and ultraviolet radiation. Based on the results of the trial operation of the ARM SONÈ-8 at individual stations performing observations using various complexes, the software was implemented in the Roshydromet observation network, which ensures an increase in the quality of the presented actinometric information and its storage in an expanded format and volume.