The year 2025 marks the 150th anniversary of the birth of Academician Alexei A. Ukhtomsky - the greatest Russian scientist-physiologist, creator of the doctrine of dominance as the leading principle of organization of purposeful behavior and cognitive activity of a human being. The conference “Academician A. A. Ukhtomsky's imperative - the brain and its self-knowledge” will focus on the discussion of the current state of research in the field of brain physiology and cognitive processes. Such questions as mechanisms of cognition and complex forms of behavior, evolutionary aspect of biological and social determinacy of consciousness and thinking, specifics of realization of perception and consciousness processes in representation and acquisition of knowledge, peculiarities of intelligence formation and the role of language as a means of cognition and communication will be considered.